Hypocrisy In Voltaires Candide - 1300 Words

In terms of religion, Candide explores the hypocrisy that was rampant in the Church. Consider for example, the inhumanity of the clergy, most notably the Inquisitor, in hanging and executing his fellow citizens over philosophical differences. Moreover, he orders the flogging of Candide for merely, â€Å"listening with an air of approval thus proving himself somehow implicit in blasphemy. Church officials in Candide are depicted as being among the most sinful of all citizens; having mistresses, engaging in homosexual affairs, and operating as jewel thieves. Perhaps the most absurd example of hypocrisy in the Church hierarchy is the fact that the Pope has a daughter despite his vows of celibacy. While Voltaire is poking fun at the Church and†¦show more content†¦While the good Jacques is drowning (as a result of his own philosophical beliefs in altruistic behavior, no less) Pangloss attributes the event in typical nonsensical fashion to the fact that â€Å"the bay of Lisbon had been formed expressly for the Anabaptist to drown in and acts with similar reluctance and self-absorption after the earthquake when Candide asks for assistance. In sum, far from being a treatise on the beneficial nature of philosophy in bringing about positive change, Voltaire is suggesting that philosophy is, in itself, useless and even damaging. While her presents a number of ways of looking at the world philosophically, none of them are ever proven right. Martin’s extreme cynicism is not the way, Pangloss’ blinding optimism isn’t either, therefore it seems that the only way for a true revolution to come about is if one turns off from philosophy completely. This seems like a strange message coming from an author who was one of the most recognized philosophes of his time, and thus it seems rather ironic that the ultimate message about philosophy and its use is so grim. Again, it would seem that most of Voltaire’s uses of philosophy are not aimed at g earing up the masses for a revolution, rather, they are just ironic statements on a society that is recognizable for those contemporary readers. It is also apparent in hisShow MoreRelatedVoltaires Candide and Mockery Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagessurface, Voltaire’s Candide seems to be about every stupidity, every transgression, and every immoral act conceivable to man. It is a satirical and absurd look at life and religion. It makes a mockery of organized religious institutions and leaders. The hypocrisy of the actions of these leaders makes the reader wonder if Voltaire is against every religious order and even God, or is it simply the hypocrisy he abhors. In examining this book, it is a satirical way of looking at the hypocrisy of actionsRead MoreCandide: an Analysis of Voltaires Perspective on Organized Religion.1537 Words   |  7 PagesCandide Essay Assignment TA: Và ©ronique Church-Duplessis Tutorial: 7-8 SS 2104 Sajid Borhan 998931036 Voltaire in his novella Candide portrays the adventures of a young man named Candide as he faces numerous difficulties after he is forced to leave his sheltered life of the court. Voltaire, in his satire, explores many themes. Voltaire being a critic of the Church does not show the religious institutions and the people associated with it in good light, as demonstrated by the various charactersRead MoreVoltaire s Candide : A Critique Of Politics And Religion During The Age Of Enlightenment1500 Words   |  6 Pagespublished Candide, ou l Optimisme simultaneously in five European countries in January of 1759, it was met with widespread denouncement due to its controversial content and scandalous portrayal of politics and religion. Nevertheless, the bitingly satirical novel fervently spread throughout Europe and was translated into several more languages, selling tens of thousands of copies within its first year of publication (Barnes). Despite being first categorized as dangerou s blasphemy, Candide is now regardedRead MoreCandide by Voltaire847 Words   |  3 PagesCandide Paper Many critics argue that Candide is not an enlightened work, but Voltaire’s satire thoroughly reflects on the philosophical morals and lessons of the Enlightenment. Voltaire’s satire comments on the political, social, and religious views of the time, emphasizing the beliefs of a majority of enlightenment thinkers and philosophers. Voltaire demonstrates three different enlightenment thoughts or views in his work: anti-feudalism, optimism, and the hypocrisy of the Christian church.Read MoreEssay about The Hypocrisy of Religion660 Words   |  3 PagesReligious leaders ought to be the epitome of goodness and morality and are supposed to live lives worthy of emulation. Yet, in Voltaire’s Candide and Goethe’s Faust, the church is infested with hypocrisy what with religious leaders being hypocritical characters that are corrupt, greedy and immoral. These are seen in so many instances in both texts as will be discussed below. High–ranking church officials, according to Voltaire, are deeply engrossed in promiscuity as depicted in the lines, â€Å"I amRead MoreAnalysis Of Candide And The Pen Name Of The Frenchman 1464 Words   |  6 PagesCameron Donald Candide Book Critique Candide was written by Voltaire, the pen name of the Frenchman, Franà §ois-Marie Arouet, and was first published by Gabriel Cramer in Geneva during early 1759 . This book was assigned by our teacher because it expresses the beliefs of Voltaire who was a prominent thinker during the Enlightenment Age in Europe. Such thinkers held various philosophical beliefs which were a major cause of social change at the time. This ties in perfectly with our class’s current unitRead More Satire in Moliere’s Tartuffe, Voltaire’s Candide, and Swift’s A Modest Proposal931 Words   |  4 Pagesand its institutions. In the three works: Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe,† Voltaire’s â€Å"Candide,† and Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† the authors indirectly criticize and ridicule human behavior and characteristics but with the goal for improving these faults rather than just demolishing them.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe,† although many things and behaviors are satirized, the play focuses mainly on the issue of religious hypocrisy. Whereas Tartuffe is the obvious hypocrite and antagonist whoRead More Candide Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire’s novella, Candide, incorporates many themes, yet concentrates a direct assault on the ideas of Leibniz and Pope. These two well-known philosophers both held the viewpoint that the world created by God was the best of all possibilities, a world of perfect order and reason. Pope specifically felt that each human being is a part of God’s great and all knowing plan or design for the world. Voltaire had a very opposite point of view in that he saw a world of needlessRead MoreAnalysis Of Voltaire s Candide Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDavid E. Rojas Professor Ellen Cain History 1102, Section 201 25 September 2012 Voltaire. Candide. New York: Dover Publication, Inc, 1991. â€Å"Things cannot be otherwise than as they are; for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the best end.† (p. 1) Of all the great things to come out of the enlightenment era Candide by Voltaire is perhaps the most interesting and entertaining in my opinion. In fact it so happens that it is one of the most popular and read classics of the time, oneRead MoreWhat was the historical significance of Voltaires Candide and its relevance during the Enlightenment?1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat was the historical significance of Voltaires Candide and its relevance during the Enlightenment? In his work, Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century, a period known as the Enlightenment. This Age of Reason swept through Europe, offering differing views on science, religion, and politics. The following essay will outline the philosophical theory of Pangloss, a character of the novel and suggest

Gambling Is An Extremely Well Liked And Entertaining...

Gambling is an extremely well liked and entertaining activity for the Canadian population. In theory, gambling can be a sense of fun and games, yet it has always been inevitably linked to the Canadian Criminal Code. It has been noticed that, â€Å"Canadians spend more on legal, government-promoted gambling than on clothing, shoes and medicine combined† (Hutchison, 1999). In 1892 all forms of gambling were banned in Canada, with the exception of horse racing (Stevens, R., 2005). Throughout the years Canadians could gamble on horse races, which were charitable, and eventually lead to a Criminal Code amendment in 1969. This gave the federal and provincial governments use of the lottery and gambling profits to help fund important projects. Gambling promptly grew to encompass charity casinos, regular bingos and major lotteries (Smith, G., 2012). Legalized gambling in Canada is denoted by the Criminal Code of Canada, which essentially states that all gambling is illegal unless conducted by governments or charities (Innes, D., 2013). Additionally the Criminal Code states that the provincial governments can operate and manage electronic gaming machines. In 1985, the federal government handed over all jurisdictions for gaming activities to the provinces in Canada, and in return the provinces agreed to continue to pay the federal government a sum amount under the 1979 agreement. (Pruden, H., 2002). In 1989, Canada’s first commercial casino opened in Winnipeg. This was a major change forShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages398 Unionizing Employees 349 Collective Bargaining 350 Preface The sailing crew on the cover faces many of the same goals and challenges as any organization in our unpredictable business environment. Success and possibly survival depend on a well designed boat with a carefully selected and thoroughly trained crew that understands the strategy of the race. They must be able to quickly adjust the sails, rigging, and rudder to keep moving forward and somehow gain a competitive advantage. SomeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesenvironment. During the 1990s, he campaigned nationally against the use of drugs in youth venues. Thus the Ministry of Sound led in the transformation of club culture from an underground movement associated with ‘acid house’ into a mainstream youth market activity. An illuminated sign on Palumbo’s ofï ¬ ce wall read: We are building a global entertainment business based on a strong aspirational brand respected for its creativity and its quality. The Ministry of Sound team will be more professional, hard-working

I am My Language Free Essays

For every language that becomes extinct, an image of a man disappears† – Octavio Paz. Language is tied to many cultural backgrounds, heritage, and can form one’s identity. When a language is extinct or becoming extinct the culture, the history, and the people behind it disappear. We will write a custom essay sample on I am My Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now People come from â€Å"different countries that speak different languages, these different ways of communicating is a way to express themselves their thoughts and emotion freely. Losing a language can be detrimental because language expresses one’s identity and that is the essence of language. In both readings, â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me What Is† by James Baldwin explain the deeper meaning behind language and extreme efforts to assimilate that would cause one to reject and or lose one’s identity. Language can play a small role in how individuals’ identities are formed. Language is a part of identity it has an impact on our personality which originates from different type languages in every nation such as dialects, accents, and terminology. In the first reading, â€Å"How to Tame A Wild Tongue† by Gloria Anzaldua she expresses the different languages she speaks or is compelled to speak. For example, Gloria states the language she uses are Standard English, working class and slang English, Standard Mexican Spanish, Chicano Spanish, and others. Gloria discusses being caught in the middle using her native tongue that is Chicano Spanish. English including the clash between the two cultures. â€Å"Until I am free to write bilingually and to switch codes without having always to translate, while I still have to speak English or Spanish when I would rather speak Spanglish†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anzaldua 39). In this quote Anzaldua does not want to be limited on how many languages she speaks, she also believes a person language will forever be a part of their identity. In addition, she believed that people shouldn’t have to change their identity, but they should embrace their culture because it’s part of what makes an individual unique. â€Å"Chicano Spanish sprang out of the Chicano’s need to identify we as a distinct people† this reveals that the Chicano Spanish is their legitimate identity that differentiates the people itself from both English and Spanish. This means that language forms identity for Chicano people to have a distinct language for themselves that relates to their cultural identity with  Chicano Spanish. Identically, Language can play a huge role in people live it can either unites them or separates them. â€Å"The limits of my language mean the limits of my world† by Ludwig Wittgenstein. In other words, this quote means that language is a form of expression that demonstrates cultural diversities of people from different countries. For example, limiting languages of the world can create barriers and can make it difficult for people to experience other  traditions. For instance, In the second reading â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me What Is† by James Baldwin he explains how drastic lifestyles can shape one’s language depending on the situation. In Baldwin article, he also explains how Black English was created. In this time, the whites did not want to give the slaves the opportunity learn how to read or write. Nor did they allow them to communicate with each other in their languages because they believed that education will lead the slaves to power. To demonstrate, Slavery dates to the 15th entury where many Africans were kidnapped from different tribes and was enslaved. Africans was from different tribes it was difficult from them to communicate or express concern with one other. This led to the creation of Black English. Furthermore, how important is language to one’s sense of identity? A sense of identity is perceived through language, ethnicity, race, and religion. Language creates one’s identity and can be altered by various circumstance whether it’s a hostile or friendly environment. Demonstrate this concept â€Å"It is the most vivid and crucial key to identify: It reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger, public, or communal identity† (Baldwin). This quote reveals that language can either create bonds with other different types of people or can set them apart. Baldwin also states, â€Å"A language comes into existence by means of   brutal necessity, and the rules of the language are dictated by what the language must convey† (Baldwin). In other words, this means that when the slaves from the different tribes over the years they created Black English to communicate with one another in a form they can only understand each other. Black English was formed in a violent circumstance it benefited by creating a new form of language. In conclusion, both Anzaldua and Baldwin, explain the struggle of dealing with a hybrid identity formed by language. Both writers expressed how the different type of languages can create one’ identity willingly or with â€Å"brutal necessity†. Baldwin explains how the violent creation of Black English brought the different sets of the tribe together as one. Anzaldua talks about adjusting with two identities and finding pride speaking different types English and Spanish while keeping her native tongue intact. Both writers showed the different perspectives on the role of language by discussing the ways the African – Americans assimilate an identity with Black English and Chicano people with Spanish. Work Cited Anzaldua, Gloria. â€Å"How to tame a wild tongue† Everett’s. PDF. Page: 36-39 Baldwin, James. â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What is?† The New York Times. 29, July, 1979. How to cite I am My Language, Papers

Milky Way Galaxy Research Paper Essay Example

Milky Way Galaxy Research Paper Paper The Milky Way Galaxy is the galaxy containing the Earth, the Solar System, and all the other individual stars visible to the naked eye. It is aspiral galaxy with a bar. The Milky Way, along with Andromeda Galaxy (M31), Triangle Galaxy (M33), and over 40 dwarf galaxies and their companions form the local group of galaxies, which is part of the Local Supercluster (Virgo Supercluster). A good research paper on Milky Way Galaxy has to content detailed description of the name etymology and carefully study the history of the phenomenon. The writers have to develop all the minor aspects of the topic, covering the subject from all available angles. To make this work easier it may be helpful to use free sample research papers on the topic, which may be regarded as a good guide on the chosen topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Milky Way Galaxy Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Milky Way Galaxy Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Milky Way Galaxy Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Name of the Milky Way is common for the Western culture and is the same with Lat. via lacteal: â€Å"milky way.† The name of the Galaxy is formed by analogy with other Greek word : â€Å"milky.† According to the Greek legend, Zeus decided to make his son Hercules, born of mortal woman, immortal, and left him to his sleeping wife Hera, so that Hercules could drink the divine milk. Hera woke up, saw her feeding a stranger child, and pushed him away. The squirt of the goddess breast milk became the Milky Way. Some astronomical schools call Milky Way Galaxy simply â€Å"our Galaxy† or the Milky Way System; the word â€Å"milky way† has been used to refer to the visible. Outside of the Western culture, there is a lot of other names for the Milky Way. The word â€Å"way† as often as the word â€Å"milky† is replaced with other epithets. The diameter of the Galaxy is about 30 thousand parsecs (about 100000 light-years, one kvintillion kilometers) with the estimated average thickness of about 1000 light years. The Galaxy contains, at the lowest estimate, about 200 billion stars. As of January 2009, the mass of the Galaxy was estimated to be 3*1012 solar masses, or 6*1042 kg. Most of the mass of the Galaxy is not in stars and gas, but in the dark matter. Scientists estimate that the Galactic has a form of a disc, going in different directions around the Galactic Centre, has a diameter of about 100000 light years. Compared to Halo, the disk spins much faster. Rotation speed varies at different distances from the Center. It is increasing rapidly from zero at the center to 200-240 km/s at a distance of 2 thousand light years away from it, then somewhat decreases, to increase again to approximately the same value and remains almost constant. The study of the disk rotation features made it possible to assess its weight, it turned out to be 150 billion times more than M.

Jazz Concert Critique Essay Example

Jazz Concert Critique Essay Example Jazz Concert Critique Paper Jazz Concert Critique Paper On Monday, September 27, I had the pleasure of attending a performance by the Amherst Jazz Orchestra. Founded and headed by Bandleader Dave Sporny this professional big band played rare and historically big band works to some of the newest original contemporary jazz music. The Amherst Brewing Company looked small from the outside, even when I got inside there were many dining tables and a small place by the window for a fifteen piece band to fit in. Surprisingly they all fit perfectly. They took their seats and were about to start performance. Every musician was preparing his instrument very carefully; making sure it is in tune and ready to be used. The front row of the big band comprised the following instruments: one electric guitar, five saxophones. Second row had three trombones and a keyboard player (conductor). The back row consisted of four trumpets, bass player and a drummer. They opened the evening with the song called â€Å"Where’s Reg†. Everybody were playing melody when all of a sudden alto saxophone exploded in a breath taking solo, which was followed by less intense but nonetheless beautiful soprano. From the first sound you could tell that it’s going to be a nice evening. Their live performance sounded so superb and flawless as if listening them on the CD. A strange thought cross my mind: I wondered if the immaculate play of big bands comes by countless number of rehersals that made it impossible for performers to make a mistake or that experience made an instrument a projection of the musician’s soul so that playing is as easy as thinking?! I think it’s both. It has to be. The soloist would stand up in order for the people to see who was playing it. Upright bass was doing a walk part which really highlighted the style and moved the song in especial smooth rhythm. Trombone played one more solo and drummer concluded the song by performing one of his own. What really caught my attention was that all other musicians stopped while the drums were playing. I guess you can call it a drum solo. After the song ended the conductor introduce the musicians to the audience so people would have an idea who was doing what. Before and after the songs, the conductor would take a little time to explain a bit about the song they were about to play. For the second song the bass player switched from upright to electric bass. Flute started off very slow and guitar joined them a few seconds later. Even though only some of the musicians were playing, all other musicians follows them on the charts in order for them not to lose track of where they were in the song. In my opinion guitar was the main instrument for this tune. Solo was incredible and guitar player put his heart and soul into it. When he was improvising he would close his eyes and swing back and forth showing how much he was putting into it. At the end of the song saxophone stared his solo and everybody joint in unison to finish it off. Conductor showed the sign that marked the end and music stopped. In my opinion it’s a weird place for the conductor to conduct standing in the second row. The saxophonists had to turn their heads or look right behind them in order to see what signs he was showing. Usually conductors stand at the front of the band, but lack of space at the front forced him to stand where he was. â€Å"Still crazy after all this years† was a slow melody. The song started with clarinet. I noticed that the saxophonists would switch from one instrument to another, different sax, clarinet, flute was the part of their job. Trumpets put on the mutes for smoother sound. Some musicians were young guys probably students that have reached the level to play professional stuff like this. Saxophone played a solo, then guitar and back to the saxophone solo. In my opinion three clarinets and muted trumpets in the fourth song sounded the best. It was my favorite song for the night. They started off with the bass at the beginning and slowly built up through the end of the song. Trumpet played a solo in the middle of the song with guitar accompaniment. Guitar would change chords slowly while trumpet poured his heart out. And at the end of it flute player just blew my mind away with the speed he played. The fifth song they played had an awkward beginning. The whole band started playing at the once. It sounded like the different parts of a thunder storm. And all played upbeat rhythm and catchy melody. It sounded very unique and I bet it caught people’s attention even if they didn’t come to see the band playing. You don’t hear this kind of a beginning on the radio. It was cool! When two saxophone players were soloing I noticed elements of call and respond in their play. For the last three songs conductor introduced a female vocalist that sang beautifully. The first song she sang sounded very old and reminded me a swing era of jazz music. Bass player picked up his upright bass. Every time vocalist stopped singing, trumpet played solo. â€Å"Something got a hold on me† was the last song and was really a dance like song in a boogie woogie style. Vocalist sang the beginning very slow almost with no music in the background and then it just went flying with upbeat melody. Saxophone played solo and then piano right after it, leaving that jazzy feeling in you for the rest of the night and made a lasting impression upon myself. All together it was only eight nicely done songs, but let me tell you, one and a half hour just flew by when I listened to these guys!

MLA Referencing †Citing Ebooks

MLA Referencing – Citing Ebooks MLA Referencing – Citing Ebooks The days when â€Å"book† immediately implied a physical, papery object are now behind us. Many students, for example, now use ebooks in research. After all, they’re easy to access, and you can carry around an entire library without suffering any risk of a broken back! Once upon a time, it would have taken an entire building to store all the books on here. But referencing ebooks in MLA can be complicated, since it depends on whether you’re talking about an ebook accessed via an e-reader or found online. In this post, we look at how to do both. In-Text Citations Thankfully, the actual citations for an ebook are the same no matter where you found it, requiring only that you give the author’s surname and the page number(s) of the section being cited: The rise of the ebook has resulted in an increase in self-published works (Falco 44). Of course, not all ebooks feature page numbers. In such cases, you can use a chapter, section and/or paragraph number instead: Falco claims that self-published writing often â€Å"suffers from a lack of editing† (ch. 4, par. 2). However, this only applies when the book contains chapter and/or paragraph numbers. If none are available, simply leave them out of citations. (Ebooks Accessed Via an e-Reader) When an ebook is only accessible via an e-reader or software on your computer, MLA referencing treats it as a specific edition of a print book. As such, the format to use in the â€Å"† list is as follows: Author Surname, First Name. Title. Ebook. Publisher, year of publication. In practice, a full reference for an ebook would look something like this: Falco, Andrew. The Death of Print. Ebook. PMP Publications, 2013. While â€Å"ebook† is acceptable if the source isn’t in a specific format, usually you’ll want to include more detail about the version consulted here. You should also include any other information about the edition here. For example, the second edition of the Kindle version of a book would be listed as: Falco, Andrew. The Death of Print. 2nd ed., Kindle. PMP Publications, 2015. (Ebooks Accessed Online) For online editions of a book (i.e., books accessible via the internet rather than an e-reader), the format is a little different. The key thing to remember is that references for online books require a database and DOI or URL through which they can be accessed: Author Surname, First Name. Title. Publisher, year of publication. Database, DOI/URL. As such, the reference for an online book would be more like the following: Morris, William. The Art of Printing. H. M. O’Kane, 1902. Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.org/files/31596/31596-h/31596-h.htm. But will ebooks ever be this pretty?

Appraisal Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Appraisal Systems - Essay Example Performance appraisal of employees resorted to by organizations has many objectives. Mohrman, Resnick-West and Lawler (1989) identify increase in motivation to perform effectively and to increase the self esteem of the employees as essential objectives of performance appraisal methods. They usually enable the organization to maintain a reliable record of the performance of each employee in order to determine the wage levels, incentives, salary increase, transfers and promotions. The performance appraisal methods also bring out the needs for training of employees at various levels in the organization. By studying his/her performance appraisal report the employee is able to improve upon his performance by rectifying the mistakes he/she might have committed earlier. There are various methods usually employed by progressive organizations to make appraisals of employee performance. These can be divided into three different groups; (i) individual evaluation methods, (ii) multiple person evaluation methods, and (iii) other methods. The individual evaluation methods are based on an assessment of the performance of the individual employees. ... The report is not data-based but merely represents the impressions of the superior about the subordinate. Since the report is mostly subjective the employee may not be sure of his strengths and weaknesses and is also not guided for rectifying his mistakes. Essay evaluation is a non-quantitative technique in which the rater is asked to prepare an essay based on the job knowledge and potential of the employee and the employee's understandings of the policies and programmers of the company. The attitude and perceptions of the employees are also taken into account while preparing the essay. This method has serious limitation of being a subjective one and sometimes the rater may be found to be poor in expressing his views correctly. Under critical incident technique the effective and ineffective behavior on the job of the employee is observed by the manager who prepares a list of incidents representing the poor or outstanding behavior of each employee. The manager periodically records the incidents and at the end of the rating period these incidents are summarized to evaluate the employee performance. This method is more suitable to assess the job of the supervisors rather than that of the employees at low levels. In the check list method a list of objective or descriptive statements about the employee behavior is included and the rater makes his observations on the employee performance by checking the particular trait of the behavior which he assessed the employee to possess and other traits are left blank. A variation of the method is to assign weights to different traits and summarize the assessment of the rater. One serious limitation of this method is that the rating is normally biased by the